Cats are fiercely independent and sometimes mysterious, making it challenging for pet parents to tell if something is a minor issue or a serious health problem. That’s why it’s crucial to understand the signs and symptoms of the most common cat health issues, like FIV, FeLV, diabetes, and more.
Read on for a closer look at common cat diseases, their symptoms, and treatment options. Remember, if your cat shows any alarming symptoms, contact your veterinarian. This guide is purely for your information and not meant for diagnosing illnesses.
1. Kidney Disease
Kidneys filter waste and regulate blood and water levels. When they don’t function properly, cats can develop acute renal failure or chronic kidney disease. Acute renal failure develops quickly and can be reversed if diagnosed in time, while chronic kidney disease is incurable but manageable.
Causes: Congenital issues, aging, infections, trauma, blockages, or poison ingestion. Symptoms: Frequent urination, weight loss, excessive drinking, dry coat, vomiting, diarrhea, bloody or cloudy urine.
2. Dental Disease
Did you know that up to 90% of cats over four suffer from dental disease? Common issues include gingivitis, periodontitis, and tooth resorption. Most dental problems can be prevented or treated with proper care.
Symptoms:
- Gingivitis: Red, swollen, or bleeding gums.
- Periodontitis: Similar symptoms plus difficulty eating, bad breath, drooling.
- Tooth Resorption: Pain, drooling, turning head while eating, inability to eat.
3. Diabetes
Cats can develop diabetes if they can’t produce enough insulin or respond to it properly. While serious, diabetes can be managed, and some cats even go into remission with the right care.
Symptoms: Weight loss, increased thirst and urination, lethargy, dehydration, appetite changes, sweet-smelling breath.
4. Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)
FIV weakens a cat’s immune system, making them more susceptible to other infections. It’s often spread through bite wounds, so outdoor cats are at higher risk.
Symptoms: Gingivitis, loss of appetite, poor coat condition, fever, chronic infections.
5. Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV)
FeLV is a virus that can cause cancer and is spread through bodily fluids. It weakens the immune system and can lead to anemia.
Symptoms: Seizures, neurological disorders, eye conditions, persistent diarrhea, fever, infections, weight loss, appetite loss.
6. Cancer
Lymphoma is the most common cancer in cats, but many types can occur. Routine vet exams are crucial for early detection and better outcomes.
Symptoms: Weight loss, anorexia, diarrhea, vomiting. Cats with FIV or FeLV are at higher risk.
7. Obesity
If your cat weighs 20% more than their ideal weight, they’re considered obese. Obesity shortens lifespan and increases the risk of diseases.
Risks: Diabetes, joint problems, cancer, heart disease.
8. Pancreatitis
Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, often accompanied by inflammation in the liver and intestines. The exact cause is unknown, but some cats are more at risk.
Symptoms: Vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, decreased appetite, diarrhea.
9. Hyperthyroidism
This condition affects middle-aged and older cats and is usually caused by benign growths on the thyroid gland, increasing its size and hormone production.
Symptoms: Excessive energy, increased appetite, weight loss, restlessness.
10. Broken Bones
Cats can break bones from falls or other accidents. Prompt veterinary attention is necessary to minimize long-term effects.
11. High-Rise Syndrome
Cats are agile, but falls from heights can still cause serious injuries like broken limbs and fractures.
12. Sneezing
An occasional sneeze is normal, but persistent sneezing with other symptoms like lethargy or nasal discharge may indicate a respiratory infection.
13. Diarrhea
Occasional loose stools aren’t always concerning, but persistent diarrhea should be checked by a vet.
14. Vomiting
Common causes include hairballs and eating too fast, but more serious reasons could be at play.
15. Fleas
Fleas are hard to eliminate and can carry diseases. Regular cleaning and prevention products are essential.
16. Tapeworms
These parasites, often carried through fleas, can be seen in feces. While severe issues are rare, vomiting may occur if tapeworms enter the stomach.
17. Eye Problems
Issues like cataracts and glaucoma can be treated if detected early, highlighting the importance of regular vet check-ups.
18. Heartworms
Heartworms are more common in dogs but can affect cats too, causing respiratory issues. Blood tests are needed for diagnosis.
19. Rabies
Cats are the most common domesticated animal affected by rabies in the U.S. Keeping vaccinations up to date is crucial.
20. Ringworm
This fungal infection causes itching and redness and can be treated with medication.
21. Ear Mites
These parasites cause itching and abnormal ear grooming. Treatment involves cleaning and medication.
22. Constipation
Straining while defecating and small, diarrhea-like feces can indicate constipation. Vet attention is needed if symptoms persist.
23. Food Allergies
Common allergens include beef, fish, chicken, and dairy. Symptoms include skin irritation, diarrhea, constipation, and vomiting.
24. Feline Lower Urinary Tract Diseases (FLUTD)
FLUTD affects the bladder and urethra, causing pain during urination, blood in urine, and urinating outside the litter box.
By staying aware of these common health issues, you can help your cat live a longer, healthier life. As Amanda Nichols from the UK’s Cat’s Whiskers Veterinary Clinic says, “Ensuring they eat a good quality diet and maintain a healthy weight and body and muscle condition score” is key to longevity.
